Cables used in circuits of considerable elevation change. They usually incorporate additional components for tensile strength.

System for direct burial in which a flexible conduit is extruded over electrical cables for a single pre-assembled unit.

A machine that forms individual strands or cables into a desired geometrical formation by passing them through a closing die where the actual strand formation takes place. There are two principal types of cablers: Flyer Arm Type and Drum Twister Type. Both types are single-twist systems that have a payoff system located outside the rotating assembly. See Cabler, Flyer Arm Type, and Cabler, Drum Twister Type.

This machine is similar to the Flyer Arm Type system, but with the drum twister, the take-up reel is held in a fork and the fork and reel are rotated about an axis that passes through the center of the lay-plate. This fork, which can be open or closed, when rotated produces a twist in the product. The fork assembly can either be a shoulder type (cantilevered) or supported by under rollers (trunnions). As with the flyer arm type, the speed of the fork rotation in relationship with the rotational speed of the take-up reel provides the desired lay length.

This type of cabler imparts one twist into the strand or cable for each revolution of the rotor. The wires coming from the payoffs pass through a lay-plate(s) and are placed in the desired geometrical position. The strand enters the entry rotor shaft and passes over the rotor assembly (flyer) and then to the take-up reel, which is coaxially aligned to the rotor assembly. The flyer rotates around the take-up reel at a speed slightly different than the rotational speed of the take-up reel. The speed differential results in the actual lay of the strand. For larger reels the flyer arm is closed, whereas on smaller reels it is cantilevered.

A form of stranding, or twisting, where two or more wires are rotated relative to one another in either a concentric or non-concentric pattern. The objective is to combine the conductors economically to provide flexibility and keep the surface area to a minimum. As a verb, it is the act of twisting together two or more insulated components by machine to form a cable.

Two formulas: one, for calculating the overall diameter of a cable, is D = fd, where D is the cable diameter, f is the factor and d is the diameter of one conductor. The other formula, for calculating the diameter of an unshielded, unjacketed cable, is D = Kd, where D is the cable diameter, K is the factor and d is the diameter of one insulated conductor.

Flexible copper, synthetic tapes, felted asbestos and lacquered braid, 1000V, 125°C.

Designation for Coated Aluminum Coated Steel Polyethylene. This design was developed in the 1980s to prevent steel corrosion.

Element, chemical symbol Cd. Cadmium is a bluish-white metallic element mainly found in combination with other minerals, such as zinc ores. It is used in rechargeable Ni-Cd batteries, pigments, coatings, plastic stabilizers and as an alloying addition either to improve properties (such as Cd-Cu) or in solders and brazes. Due to its toxicity, the use of this element is being reduced or eliminated and replacements are being sought.

Cadmium is used for coating steel, fasteners and other parts to improve corrosion resistance particularly in salt and alkali media. Cadmium-plated steel parts resist galvanic corrosion when in contact with aluminum. The coating on fasteners and moving parts also provides lubricity and low coefficient of friction. The use of cadmium is being limited due to its toxicity.

A copper alloy containing 0.4% cadmium and 0.4% chromium nominal. This alloy meets ASTM B624 requirements and has a combination of high-strength, high-electrical conductivity and good flex life. This alloy contains Cd, a toxic element.

A high-strength, copper alloy containing about 1% Cd. This alloy can easily be drawn to large reductions and provides a good combination of strength and electrical conductivity with moderate softening resistance. Cadmium copper is used in trolley wire, high strength transmission lines, spring contact and conductor wire. This alloy contains Cd, a toxic element.

The rotating frame or carriage of a stranding machine comprising a number of bobbin cradles supported between spaced discs, which are usually mounted on a hollow mandrel.

Armor wires within a polyethylene jacket often used in submarine cables.

Carbonate precipitation on metal surfaces in contact with hot water of certain hardness. The precipitate is mainly calcium carbonate.

Element, chemical symbol Ca. Used in injection metallurgy as calcium silicide. Sulfur and oxygen contents of the molten steel are reduced considerably. Calcium silicide is also added to aluminum grain refined steel before continuous casting to convert solid aluminum products into liquid calcium aluminate, which improves the castability.

Quick lime. When combined with water (slaking), calcium hydroxide is formed (slaked lime).

Material used as a base for dry, powdered wiredrawing lubricant for ferrous wire. Other compounds may be added to enhance specific wiredrawing characteristics or requirements of the finished wire surface.

A machine that mixes and makes slabs of polymers by squeezing heated, viscous material between two counter rotating rollers.