This type of finish can be accomplished on any wire by using any of a number of methods that help remove residual lubes in the final pass. The most common method is to flood the final pass die box on a multi-pass machine with solvent or some other type of cleaner that also has some lubricating properties to prevent die fatigue.

Steel rope formed from wire that has not been coated.

Broadly accepted to mean hard drawn steel wire with a surface free of copper coating. Originally used only for bright wire with no discoloration that had only been subjected to a small degree of wet drawing. Bright wire is also produced by coating with zinc phosphate and drawn through soluble oil with as much as 94 percent reduction in area, although the resulting gray appearance is not suitable if no discoloration is permitted.

Steel wire that has been cold drawn and not subjected to any subsequent process of treatment.

A test for determining the hardness of a material by forcing a hard steel carbide ball of specified diameter into the specially polished surface of the test material under a specified load for a standard length of time. The result is the value obtained by dividing the applied load in kilograms by the surface area of the resulting impression in sq mm.

Pellets or bricks produced by compression of metal powders with or without the inclusion of nonmetallic constituents.

A modification of the Birmingham Wire Gauge and the legal standard of Great Britain for all wires. Also known as Standard Wire Gauge (SWG), New British Standard (NBS), English Legal Standard and Imperial Wire Guide.

A list of the standards from the British Standards Institution that deal with alloy compositions, wire, wire products, cables and other matters of interest to the wire industry.

Also BTU or BthU. A unit of heat in the English system. One BTU is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water 1°F. One BTU also equals 1060 joule, the non-SI unit for energy, work, quantity of heat, and 0.29 watt.

A very sudden propagation of a crack with no absorption of energy except that stored elastically in the body. Microscopic examination may reveal some deformation even though it is not noticeable to the unaided eye.

Separation of a solid accompanied by little or no macroscopic plastic deformation. Typically, brittle fracture occurs by rapid crack propagation with less expenditure of energy than for ductile fracture.

The highest temperature at which a chilled strip of polymer will crack when it is held at one end and impacted at the other end.

Loss of ductility that is caused in steel wires by absorption of hydrogen formed during pickling or when worked between about 200 and 400°C (392 and 752°F) without subsequent annealing.

In data transmission, the use of a carrier signal, rather than direct modulation, to carry several simultaneous channels.

Rolling mill terminology that is used during the rolling and grooving process.

A band of transverse cracks along a drawn wire.

Edges containing cracks, splits or tears.

1) Myriad, minute cracks on the surface of the sheet running normal to the rolling direction and perpendicular to the sheet surface. 2) Surface fracturing, generally most pronounced at sharp corners of extrusions, with myriad, minute cracks on the surface of a drawn shape or tube normal to the direction of drawing.

A generic name for a group of copper-based alloys. Historically, bronze is a copper rich, copper-tin alloy whose use can be traced back to 5000 BC. The term bronze now applies to a wide range of copper alloy compositions, including many binary alloys, aluminum bronze, beryllium bronze, manganese bronze, silicon bronze, all of which are essentially tin-free. At times, trace elements such as zinc, phosphorus and lead are added to enhance properties for specific applications. Bronze is used for screws, wire hardware, wear plates, bushings and springs. It also is used for trolley wire because of its high strength, high electrical conductivity and good wear resistance. It is somewhat stronger than copper and brass and has equal or better ductility.

A coating obtained by dipping in a coppering bath that contains tin salts. Greater care must be taken with the control of the solution since tin salts hydrolyze in acid solution.