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The Book of Terms

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The Book of TermsThe WJI Book of Wire & Cable Terms: an interactive experience of learning and sharing
This book, written by industry volunteers and containing more than 5,000 entries, is an asset for newcomers to wire and cable.

At the same time, it also represents an opportunity for industry veterans to give back by either updating or adding to the more than 5,000 entries. This is an honor system process. Entries/updates must be non-commercial, and any deemed not to be so will be removed. Share your expertise as part of this legacy project to help those who will follow. Purchase a printed copy here.

   

 

0-9   A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

SPR

Designation for single lapping of pure rubber. Also abbreviated SIR.

Spread Spectrum

A modulation technique for multiple access, or for increasing immunity to noise and interference.

Spring

An elastic body that recovers its shape after being compressed, bent or stretched.

Spring Back

1) The elastic recovery of metal after plastic deformation. 2) In flash, upset or pressure welding, the deflection in the welding machine caused by the upset pressure.

Spring Base

Spring bases for use with mattresses may be broadly grouped under box springs and metal units. In a box spring, each wire coil is connected to a wood or steel strip slat on one end and a welded wire grid on the other to hold the springs together. The whole is covered by upholstery and covering material. Metal units may be open coil spring units or linked wire fabric.

Spring Deflection

The motion of spring ends or arms under the application or removal of an external load.

Spring Elongation Test

Procedure to measure annealability by the increase in length of a vertically loaded cylinder coil wound with a small diameter wire that has been annealed.

Spring Helix

The spiral form (open or closed) of compression, extension and torsion springs.

Spring Index

The ratio of the mean coil diameter to the wire diameter.

Spring Load

The force applied to a spring that causes a deflection.

Spring Pitch

The distance from center to center of the wire in adjacent active coils.

Spring Set

Permanent distortion that occurs when a spring is stressed beyond the elastic limit of the material.

Spring Slenderness Ratio

The ratio of spring length to the mean coil diameter.

Spring Steel

Normally high-carbon or alloy steel, used in the manufacture of springs because of high tensile properties.

Spring Temper

See Temper.

Spring Unit

A grouping of spring coils to form a mattress. The spring coils are often fastened together with a lacing helical and bound around the top and bottom edge with a border wire.

Spring Unit, Pocketed

Consists of cylindrical springs—not cone or hourglass springs—each completely enclosed in individual pockets. Each pocket is securely sewn to all sur­rounding ones so that the springs are free to move individually but do not lose their position.

Spring Wire

Steel wire used for a wide variety of spring coil applications. Various materials used include plain carbon, galvanized, alloy and oil tempered steel. The end application will often dictate the material used.

Spring Wire, Automotive Valves

High-carbon wire containing 0.60 to 0.75 percent carbon and 0.5 to 0.9 percent manganese. Chrome-vanadium alloy steels are also employed where springs are subjected to elevated temperatures.

Spring, Hourglasss

See Hourglass Spring.
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