Grain Size

Peter,

Prior to Ohno (1984), we provided wire to all of the major speaker/head set manufactures JBL, Koss, Bose, and a couple of others. At one time we were the wire of choice.

I did a web seach on Ohno and found a couple of good sites with equipment drawing and photos of slides at different magnification. One of the sites said that an OCC wire of 0.3mm would be 125 meters long which is probably more that enought for coils in head sets.


From the description of the process it appears similar to a Westinghouse process that was used to make very fine alumimum wire. A sample of aluminum is heated and compressed and a filament is extruded out a defined hole. In our case they were actually sending us 50 awg aluminum wire. Downside was that a big package was about 20 grams. We enamel insulated it.

Hi there,

The answer to your first question is yes, grain size is a factor affecting the flexibility of copper wire. Unfortunately it is only one of many variables and I have never personally come across a technical paper relating grain size to the mechanical properties of a particular diameter of copper wire. Perhaps others will give us more information.

There was a paper in the October 1991 (Page 91) edition of The Wire Journal International titled "The Effects of Deformation and Annealing Conditions on the Flexibility of Copper Wire" by Y.T. Kim, J.Y. Jang, C.H. Kang, and K.H. Hahn, all of GoldStar Cable in Korea. It focused on bare copper wire destined to become magnet wire.

The header for the paper states "The amount of deformation before annealing should not exceed a critical value, because severely deformed copper wire is hard to recrystalize."

I recommend you purchase a reprint of this paper and carefully read it. You can order a copy of it by sending an E-mail with the full title of the paper including year, month and page number to This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.


Kindest regards,
Peter J. Stewart-Hay
Principal
Stewart-Hay Associates
www.Stewart-Hay.com

It would be nice if Horace Pops or Wright or someone like them would sign in.

I think that the grain size is less important than the organization of the grain. There were some papers explaining inline wire drawing enamelling and it explained why it works and the importance of grain organization. When it is right you get better tensile strength and better ductility.

The following response to the discussion thus far comes from WAI Past President Horace Pops:

My comments are based upon the assumption that the use of the word “organization” should actually be “orientation”, which is a term usually associated with annealing textures that form within conductors.

Both grain size and orientation affect the mechanical properties of annealed specimens. In the case of copper, which is very anisotropic, lower tensile elongation and LSE, coupled with higher springback occur when the final reduction in area exceeds about 90%. This practice is harmful to the performance and windability of finish magnet wire. The aforementioned properties are directly dependent upon the specific annealing texture, which is affected by the amount of cold work prior to annealing. Poorest properties also occur for aluminum at similar high reductions. In contrast to copper, however, the decrease in elongation, windability and LSE with increasing prior reduction is attributed to the resulting finer grain size.

Regards,
Marc Murray
Proj. Mgr., Technical Dept.
The Wire Associational International, Inc.

Marc,

I was posting late in evening and I did mean orientation. There was a paper written about 1967-69 by a BICC engineer discussing inline wire drawing as it relates to magnet wire. If I remember right you supposedly used a supply wire which you could reduce between 35% and 85%. If you reduced less or more then you should have a different size supply. the nice part about inline wire drawing was that you could have an enameling system that could coat 18 to 28 AWG and would only need perhaps 3 different sizes of input wire. Without inline you would have needed an input size for each finished size. You also have bigger payoff packages and slower payoff speeds.

Also when done right, the finished enameled wire had a higher tensile strength and better ductility or a lower spring back value.

The explanation was that the orientation of the grain and the size was uniform??

"The Metallurgy of Copper Wire", a paper by Dr. Horace Pops in December 1997 can be found here:http://www.copper.org/publications/newsletters/innovations/1997/12/wiremetallurgy.html
It discusses the 90% reduction in area without intermediate annealing as well as some of the factors influencing grain size.

Kindest regards,
Peter J. Stewart-Hay
Principal
Stewart-Hay Associates
www.Stewart-Hay.com