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The Book of Terms

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The Book of TermsThe WJI Book of Wire & Cable Terms: an interactive experience of learning and sharing
This book, written by industry volunteers and containing more than 5,000 entries, is an asset for newcomers to wire and cable.

At the same time, it also represents an opportunity for industry veterans to give back by either updating or adding to the more than 5,000 entries. This is an honor system process. Entries/updates must be non-commercial, and any deemed not to be so will be removed. Share your expertise as part of this legacy project to help those who will follow. Purchase a printed copy here.

   

 

0-9   A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Shape

A solid section other than rectangular, square or standard rod and wire sections, furnished in straight lengths.

Shaped Conductor

A conductor the cross-section of which is other than cir­cular. Manufactured in stranding machines by passing the strand through special rotating dies or rolls.

Shaped Wire

Bare metal that has any shape but round. The sections are created by drawing or rolling from previously drawn wire. Material may be formed by drawing though a shaped section carbide die, or by passing through one or more sets of rolls. The number of passes utilized will be dependent upon the differential in size and the complexity of shape desired.

Shaping Dies

Technique of manufacturing the die for the proper entry angle for the metal to be drawn. Also used to describe pre-shape dies that initiate the change in the original contour of the wire being shaped.

Shaved Wire

Wire that has had the outside rod surface shaved as part of the process to yield a product that is free of surface imperfections.

Shaving

Removing the outer surface of a metal stock. Usually referred to removing imperfections of a rod in preparation for follow-up operations.

Shaving, Aluminum Rod

Where a very high surface quality of aluminum wire is re­quired this can be obtained by shaving the hot rolled rod to remove about 0.075 mm radial thickness of metal from the surface of the rod by passing it through a specially designed shaving die.

Shaving, Copper Rod

Removal of the outer surface of the rod in preparation of operations that require a high quality surface free of imperfections. Shaving is ac­complished by sending the rod through a series of dies, one of which is a shaving die that removes the requisite amount of material from the circumference of the wire. A typical reduction would be 0.6 mm for a 12-mm rod. The process is primarily used in the manufacture of shaped and fine gauge magnet wire.

SHD-GC

Designation for wire like SHD, but with ground-check, 2KV-25KV.

Shear

In a rolling mill, a machine for cutting metal products. Also, a device using moving blades to cut material for any number of purposes.

Shear Strain

In flat stock, the ratio of the linear displacement to the distance between parallel planes between which the displacement occurs. In a rod, the ratio of the bar radius times the angle of twist to the bar length.

Sheath

The combination of a metallic shield and an extruded plastic jacket applied as the outermost covering on a cable. In the absence of a shield, the extruded jacket may be designated as a sheath. Often referred to as a jacket.

Sheathing

Provision of an outer protective covering for cables. It is usually ex­truded and is of either tough rubber, ther­moplastic, lead or aluminum. A further protection against corrosion and mechanical damage may also be given to the sheath itself, particularly if it is of metal.

Sheathing, Aluminum

There are three basic methods of providing an aluminum sheathing on cables: 1) The cable core may be inserted into an oversize tube of aluminum that is then rolled or swaged so that it becomes a close fit on the cable core. 2) A tube is formed by folding aluminum strip around the cable core and jointing the edges either by pressure welding, argon-arc welding or induc­tion heating. 3) An aluminum sheath may be ex­truded directly over the cable core while heat is kept away from the core during extrusion.

Sheathing, Lead-Covered Cable

A cable provided with a lead sheath for the purpose of ex­cluding moisture from the conductors and insulation. Also used as earth return. The sheath consists either of commercially pure lead or pure lead to which a small percentage of rarer metals has been added for hardening purposes. The extrusion of lead and its alloys in the screw type of continuous machine from time to time runs into difficulties, par­ticularly with the harder alloys. The lead sheath may be reinforced by metal tapes against internal pressure in pressurized cables.

Sheave

A wheel or disk with a grooved rim used to support, change direction or apply tension to a wire or cable during processing, installation and other handling activities. Also used with a metal or synthetic rope as a simple machine to hoist or pull objects. At one time a sheave meant a grooved disk and a pulley was a sheave mounted on an axle, but both words are commonly interchanged.

Sheave, Replaceable Wear Band

Contact surface of a sheave used in an annealing operation that can wear or become distressed from constant contact with wire. Can be replaced to maintain good quality in the annealing process.

Shed

In weaving, the height between the lower warp wires and the raised warp wires. Otherwise, the space between which the shuttle is projected from one side of the loom to the other.

Shedding Drum

Principal method of pulling wire through a Turks Head. It consists of a drum mounted on a gear reducer driven by a motor.

Shedding-Ring Reel

Take-up reel used to produce loose coil.
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